Okokuqala: Isicaphuna
Enqubweni yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, isinyathelo sokuqala uphenyo kanye nekhotheshini yemikhiqizo.Phakathi kwazo, ikhotheshini yemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ibanga lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo kanye nemodeli, noma ngabe umkhiqizo unezidingo ezikhethekile zokupakisha, inani lomkhiqizo othengiwe, isikhathi esidingekayo sokulethwa, indlela yokuthutha yomkhiqizo, impahla umkhiqizo, njll.Izingcaphuno ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: Ukulethwa kwe-FOB ebhodini, izindleko ze-CNF kanye nempahla, izindleko ze-CIF, umshwalense kanye nempahla, njll.
Okwesibili : Ukuhleleka
Ngemva kokuba izinhlangothi zombili zohwebo zifinyelele inhloso ngekhotheshini, ibhizinisi lomthengi ngokusemthethweni lifaka i-oda futhi lixoxisane nebhizinisi lomthengisi ngezindaba ezithile ezihlobene.Enqubweni yokusayina "Inkontileka Yokuthenga", xoxisana ikakhulukazi ngegama lomkhiqizo, imininingwane, inani, intengo, okupakishwayo, indawo evela kuyo, isikhathi sokuthunyelwa, imigomo yokukhokha, izindlela zokukhokha, izimangalo, ukulamula, njll., bese nixoxisana ngesivumelwano esifinyelelwe. ngemva kwezingxoxo.Bhala Kunkontileka Yokuthenga.Lokhu kuphawula ukuqala ngokusemthethweni kwebhizinisi lokuthekelisa.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukusayinwa kwenkontileka yokuthenga ngempinda kuzosebenza ngokusemthethweni kwenkampani okugxivizwe yizo zombili izinhlangothi, futhi iqembu ngalinye lizogcina ikhophi eyodwa.
Okwesithathu : Indlela yokukhokha
Kunezindlela ezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke zokukhokha, okuyincwadi yokukhokha ngesikweletu, inkokhelo ye-TT kanye nokukhokha okuqondile.
1. Inkokhelo ngencwadi yesikweletu
Izincwadi zezikweletu zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: incwadi yekhredithi engenalutho kanye nencwadi yekhredithi eyidokhumentari.I-documentary credit ibhekisela encwadini yesikweletu nemibhalo eshiwo, futhi incwadi yesikweletu ngaphandle kwanoma yimiphi imibhalo ibizwa ngokuthi incwadi yekhredithi engenalutho.Kalula nje, incwadi yesikweletu idokhumenti yesiqinisekiso eqinisekisa ukutholwa komthumeli kwamanye amazwe inkokhelo yezimpahla.Sicela uqaphele ukuthi isikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kufanele sibe phakathi kwesikhathi sokuqinisekisa se-L/C, futhi isikhathi sokwethulwa kwe-L/C kufanele sithunyelwe ngaphambi kosuku lokuqinisekisa lwe-L/C.Ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, incwadi yesikweletu isetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhokha, futhi usuku lokukhishwa kwencwadi yesikweletu kufanele lucace, lucace futhi luphelele.
2. Indlela yokukhokha ye-TT
Indlela yokukhokha ye-TT ikhokhwe ngemali yokushintshanisa amazwe angaphandle.Ikhasimende lakho lizothumela imali ku-akhawunti yasebhange yokushintshisana yangaphandle eqokwe inkampani yakho.Ungacela ukuthunyelwa kwemali phakathi nesikhathi esithile ngemva kokufika kwezimpahla.
3. Indlela yokukhokha eqondile
Kubhekiselwa enkokhelweni yokulethwa okuqondile phakathi komthengi nomthengisi.
Okwesine: isitokwe
Ukugcina amasheya kudlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhweba futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe ngamunye ngamunye ngokuhambisana nenkontileka.Okuqukethwe kwesheke okuyinhloko kwesitoko imi kanje:
1. Ikhwalithi kanye nokucaciswa kwezimpahla kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko zenkontileka.
2. Inani lezimpahla: qinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zenani zenkontileka noma incwadi yesikweletu ziyahlangatshezwa.
3. Isikhathi sokulungiselela: ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu, kuhlanganiswe nokuhlelwa kweshejuli yokuthumela, ukuze kube lula ukuxhumeka kokuthunyelwa nempahla.
Okwesihlanu: Ukupakisha
Ifomu lokupakisha lingakhethwa ngokuya ngempahla ehlukene (njenge: ibhokisi, ibhokisi lezinkuni, isikhwama esilukiwe, njll.).Amafomu okupakisha ahlukene anezidingo ezahlukene zokupakisha.
1. Izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokupakisha ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: ukupakishwa ngokwezindinganiso ezijwayelekile zohwebo oluthunyelwa ngaphandle.
2. Amazinga okupakisha okuthekelisa okukhethekile: izimpahla zokuthekelisa ziyapakishwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezikhethekile zamakhasimende.
3. Izimpawu zokupakishwa kanye nokuthumela (izimpawu zokuthutha) zezimpahla kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ziqinisekiswe ukuze zihambisane nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu.
Okwesithupha: Izinqubo zokususa intela
Izinqubo zokukhishwa kwempahla zinzima kakhulu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu.Uma imvume yenkambiso ingahambi kahle, ukuthengiselana akukwazi ukuqedwa.
1. Impahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okusemthethweni izokhishwa isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.Njengamanje, umsebenzi wezwe lami wokuhlola ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwempahla ngokuyinhloko uhlanganisa izixhumanisi ezine:
(1) Ukwamukelwa kwesicelo sokuhlolwa: Isicelo sokuhlola sibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu wobudlelwane bohwebo lwangaphandle ku-ejensi yokuhlola impahla ukuze ihlolwe.
(2) Ukusampula: Ngemva kokuba i-ejensi yokuhlola impahla yamukele isicelo sokuhlolwa, izothumela ngokushesha abasebenzi endaweni yokugcina ukuze bahlolwe futhi bahlolwe endaweni.
(3) Ukuhlola: Ngemva kokuba i-ejensi yokuhlola impahla yamukele isicelo sokuhlola, icwaninga ngokucophelela izinto zokuhlola ezimenyezelwe futhi inqume okuqukethwe kokuhlola.Futhi ubuyekeze ngokucophelela imithetho yenkontileka (incwadi yesikweletu) ngekhwalithi, imininingwane, ukupakisha, ucacise isisekelo sokuhlolwa, futhi unqume amazinga nezindlela zokuhlola.(Izindlela zokuhlola zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwesampula, ukuhlolwa kokuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi; ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba; ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa; ukuhlolwa kwe-microbial, njll.)
(4) Ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi: Mayelana nokuthekelisa, zonke izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezisohlwini [Kuthebula Lohlobo] zizokhipha inothi lokukhululwa ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa yi-ejensi yokuhlola impahla (noma inamathisele uphawu lokukhishwa efomini lesimemezelo sezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze lithathelwe indawo ishidi lokukhululwa).
2. Izisebenzi ezichwepheshile ezinezitifiketi zokumenyezelwa kwentela kumele ziye kumasiko nemibhalo efana nohlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, amandla ommeli wesimemezelo senkambiso, ifomu lokuqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kwemali yangaphandle, ikhophi yenkontileka yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kanye neminye imibhalo.
(1) Uhlu lokupakisha: imininingwane yokupakisha yemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ehlinzekwe ngumthumeli.
(2) I-invoyisi: Isitifiketi somkhiqizo wokuthekelisa esihlinzekwe ngumthumeli.
(3) I-Customs Declaration Power of Attorney (I-elekthronikhi): Isitifiketi sokuthi iyunithi noma umuntu ongenalo ikhono lokudalula intela yempahla uphathisa umthengisi wempahla ephumayo ukuba amemezele amasiko.
(4) Ifomu Lokuqinisekisa Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Engaphandle: Lisetshenziswa iyunithi yokuthekelisa esikhungweni sokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, elisho idokhumenti lapho iyunithi enamandla okuthekelisa ithola isaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa.
(5) Isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwempahla: esitholwe ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa komnyango wokuhlola indawo yokungena kanye nokuhlala yedwa noma i-ejensi yawo eqokiwe yokuhlola, igama elivamile lezitifiketi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwempahla, izitifiketi zokuhlolwa nezinye izitifiketi.Liyidokhumenti evumelekile enesisekelo esingokomthetho sazo zonke izinhlangothi ezihilelekile ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe ukuze zenze izibopho zazo zenkontileka, zisingathe izingxabano zezimangalo, zixoxisane futhi zixazulule, futhi zethule ubufakazi emacaleni omthetho.
Okwesikhombisa: Ukuthunyelwa
Enqubweni yokulayisha impahla, unganquma indlela yokulayisha ngokwenani lezimpahla, futhi uthathe umshwalense ngokuya ngezinhlobo zomshwalense ezishiwo kwiNkontileka Yokuthenga.Khetha kulokhu:
1. Gcwalisa isitsha
Izinhlobo zeziqukathi (ezaziwa nangokuthi iziqukathi):
(1) Ngokuvumelana nencazelo kanye nosayizi:
Njengamanje, iziqukathi ezomile (DRYCONTAINER) ezivame ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke yilezi:
Ubukhulu obungaphandle bungamafidi angu-20 X8 amafidi angu-X8 ama-intshi angu-6, okubhekiselwa kuwo njengesiqukathi esingamamitha angu-20;
40 izinyawo X8 izinyawo X8 izinyawo 6 amayintshi, okubhekiselwa kukho 40 izinyawo esitsheni;nokunye okusetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva nje 40 izinyawo X8 izinyawo X9 izinyawo 6 amayintshi, okubizwa ngokuthi 40 izinyawo isiqukathi high.
① Isiqukathi sonyawo: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-5.69 X 2.13 amamitha X 2.18 amamitha, isisindo esiphelele sokusabalalisa ngokuvamile singamathani angu-17.5, futhi ivolumu ingama-cubic metres angu-24-26.
② 40-foot container: Ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-11.8 X 2.13 amamitha X 2.18 Isisindo esiphelele sokusabalalisa ngokuvamile singamathani angu-22, futhi ivolumu ingama-cubic metres angu-54.
③ 40-foot-high container: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-11.8 X 2.13 amamitha X 2.72 amamitha.Isisindo esiphelele sokusatshalaliswa ngokuvamile singamathani angama-22, futhi umthamo ungama-cubic me angama-68.ters.
④ Isiqukathi esinamamitha angu-45 ukuphakama: ivolumu yangaphakathi ithi: 13.58 amamitha X 2.34 amamitha X 2.71 amamitha, isisindo sempahla ngokuvamile singamathani angu-29, futhi umthamo ungama-cubic metres angu-86.
⑤ isiqukathi esivulekile sonyawo: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-5.89 X 2.32 amamitha X 2.31 amamitha, isisindo esiphelele sokusabalalisa amathani angu-20, futhi ivolumu ingama-cubic metres angu-31.5.
⑥ 40-foot open-top container: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-12.01 X 2.33 amamitha X 2.15 amamitha, isisindo sokusabalalisa singamathani angu-30.4, futhi ivolumu ingama-cubic metres angu-65.
⑦ unyawo oluyisiqukathi esiphansi esiphansi: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-5.85 X 2.23 amamitha X amamitha angu-2.15, isisindo sokusatshalaliswa okuphelele singamathani angu-23, futhi ivolumu ingama-cubic metres angu-28.
⑧ Isitsha esiphansi esingamamitha angu-40: ivolumu yangaphakathi ingamamitha angu-12.05 X 2.12 amamitha X 1.96 amamitha, isisindo sokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo singamathani angu-36, futhi umthamo ungama-cubic metres angu-50.
(2) Ngokwezinto zokwenza amabhokisi: kukhona iziqukathi ze-aluminium alloy, iziqukathi zamapuleti ensimbi, iziqukathi ze-fiberboard, neziqukathi zepulasitiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi.
(3) Ngokwenhloso: kunezitsha ezomile;iziqukathi eziqandisiwe (REEFER CONTAINER);iziqukathi zokulenga izingubo (I-DRESS HAGER CONTAINER);vula iziqukathi eziphezulu (I-OPENTOP CONTAINER);iziqukathi zefreyimu (I-FLAT RACK CONTAINER);iziqukathi zamathangi (TANK CONTAINER) .
2. Izitsha ezihlanganisiwe
Eziqukathi ezihlanganisiwe, umthwalo ngokuvamile ubalwa ngokuya ngevolumu nesisindo sezimpahla ezithunyelwe.
Okwesishiyagalombili: umshwalense wezokuthutha
Ngokuvamile, izinhlangothi zombili zivumelane kusengaphambili ngezindaba ezifanele zomshwalense wezokuthutha lapho kusayinwa "Inkontileka Yokuthenga".Imishwalense evamile ihlanganisa umshwalense wezokuthutha wezimpahla zasolwandle, umshwalense wezokuthutha we-land and air mail, njll. Phakathi kwayo, izigaba zomshwalense ezimbozwe yizigatshana zomshwalense we-ocean transportation cargo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: izigaba zomshwalense eziyisisekelo kanye nezigaba zomshwalense ezengeziwe:
(1) Kunemishwalense emithathu eyisisekelo: Imahhala Ku-Paricular Average-FPA, WPA (Nge-Avareji noma Nge-Avareji Ekhethekile-WA noma i-WPA) kanye Nayo Yonke I-Risk-AR Ububanzi besibopho se-Ping An Umshwalense buhlanganisa: ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwempahla okubangelwa izinhlekelele zemvelo olwandle;ukulahleka okuphelele kwempahla ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukuthululwa kanye nokuhanjiswa;umhlatshelo, ukwabelana kanye nezindleko zokusindisa okubangelwa isilinganiso esijwayelekile;Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele nengxenye kwempahla okubangelwa ukushayisana, izikhukhula, ukuqhuma.Umshwalense womonakalo wamanzi ungenye yezingozi eziyisisekelo zomshwalense wezokuthutha zasolwandle.Ngokwemibandela yomshwalense ye-People's Insurance Company of China, ngaphezu kwezingozi ezisohlwini lwe-Ping An Insurance, ububanzi bayo bemfanelo buphinde buthwale izingozi zezinhlekelele zemvelo njengesimo sezulu esibi, umbani, i-tsunami, nezikhukhula.Ukufakwa kwazo zonke izingozi kuyalingana nesamba se-WPA kanye nomshwalense ojwayelekile owengeziwe
(2) Umshwalense owengeziwe: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomshwalense owengeziwe: umshwalense owengeziwe ovamile nomshwalense okhethekile owengeziwe.Imishwalense eyengeziwe eyengeziwe ihlanganisa umshwalense wokweba nokulandwa, umshwalense wamanzi ahlanzekile nemvula, umshwalense wesikhashana, umshwalense wokuvuza, umshwalense ophukile, umshwalense wokulimala kwe-hook, umshwalense wokungcola okuxubile, umshwalense wokuphuka, umshwalense wesikhunta, umshwalense womswakama nokushisa, kanye nephunga. .ubungozi, njll. Izingozi ezikhethekile ezengeziwe zihlanganisa izingozi zempi kanye nezingozi zeziteleka.
Okwesishiyagalolunye: I-Bill of Lading
I-bill of lading idokhumenti esetshenziswa umthengi wangaphandle ukuqoqa izimpahla kanye nokukhokhela imali yangaphandle ngemva kokuba umthumeli wangaphandle eseqede izinqubo zokugunyazwa kwentela yokuthumela ngaphandle futhi intela isiyikhiphile..
I-bill of lading esayiniwe ikhishwa ngokwenani lamakhophi adingwa yincwadi yekhredithi, ngokuvamile amakhophi amathathu.Umthumeli kwamanye amazwe ugcina amakhophi amabili ukuze abuyiselwe imali yentela kanye nelinye ibhizinisi, futhi ikhophi eyodwa ithunyelwa kumthengi ongaphandle ukuze kuphathwe izinqubo ezifana nokudiliva.
Lapho uthumela izimpahla ngolwandle, ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele abambe ibhili yokuqala yokulayishwa, uhlu lokupakisha, kanye ne-invoyisi ukuze athathe izimpahla.(Umthengisi kumele athumele ibhili yokuqala yezimpahla, uhlu lokupakisha kanye ne-invoyisi kumthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe.)
Ngezimpahla zomoya, ungasebenzisa ngokuqondile ifeksi yencwadi yokulayisha, uhlu lokupakisha, kanye ne-invoyisi ukuze ulande izimpahla.
Okweshumi: Ukukhokhwa kwemali yangaphandle
Ngemuva kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, inkampani yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kufanele ilungiselele kahle amadokhumenti (uhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, i-bill of lading, isitifiketi semvelaphi yokuthekelisa, ukukhokhiswa kwempahla ngaphandle) kanye neminye imibhalo ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zencwadi yesikweletu.Phakathi nesikhathi sokufaneleka samadokhumenti abalulwe ku-L/C, hambisa amadokhumenti ebhange ukuze kuxoxiswane nezinqubo zokukhokha..
Ngokungeziwe ekukhokheni imali yangaphandle ngencwadi yesikweletu, ezinye izindlela zokukhokha inkokhelo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukudluliselwa ngefoni (I-TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), ukudluliswa kwebhili (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), ukudluliswa kwemeyili (MAIL TRANSFER (M /T)), njll. , Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, ukudluliswa kwezintambo kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwemali.(E-China, ukuthunyelwa kwamabhizinisi kwamanye amazwe kuthokozela inqubomgomo ekhethwayo yesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa)
I-Medoc, umhlinzeki wesevisi yezokuthutha ohlangene wamazwe ngamazwe ovela e-China, yasungulwa ngo-2005 futhi inekomkhulu e-Shenzhen, e-China.Ithimba labasunguli lineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10 yokuhlangenwe nakho kwezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe ngokwesilinganiso.
Kusukela yasungulwa, i-Medoc izibophezele ekubeni umhlinzeki wabo wesevisi wezokuthutha odidiyelwe wamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zombili izimboni zaseShayina nabangenisa kwamanye amazwe ukuze ibasize baqedele kangcono ibhizinisi labo lokuhwebelana lamazwe ngamazwe.
Amasevisi ethu:
(1) I-China-EU Special Line (Door to Door)
(2) I-China -Central Asia umugqa okhethekile (Door to Door)
(3) I-China -Middle East umugqa okhethekile (Door to Door)
(4) I-China -Mexico umugqa okhethekile (Door to Door)
(5) Isevisi yokuthumela ngokwezifiso
(6) Ukubonisana nokuthengwa kwempahla yaseShayina kanye nezinsizakalo ze-ejensi
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-06-2022